The standard method for diagnosing COVID-19 is real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with 2 genes RdRp and E being identified together in 1 experiment. Other methods such as cell culture, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, next-generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and antigenic assessment can be used to study and identify the virus. IgG and IgM antibodies against S and N proteins are evaluated to recognize people who have been previously infected with the virus.
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